Human actions involve the whole physical world. Tanzania Leotoli footprints confirm upright walking 3.6 million years ago in Central Africa. Tools from the Kada Gona site at Hadar in the Ethiopian Afar 3.5 mya demonstrate strongly interactions of early human species in East Africa. Myriads of skilfully honed volcanic glass tools across North Africa Arabia from geological to deep archaeological prehistoric Egypt eras attest to wide ranging human material advances.
Skilfully crafted tools across North Africa and Arabia from 3.5 million years BCE
Bundles of papyrus reeds from the Nile riverside initially used to support earthen dwellings roofs become ancient Egyptian temple columns up high to the stars. Sumerian Persian delta trade with Indus Valley Harappa reveals extensive Indian Ocean coastal navigation with guidance fro from stellar events. With development of life in Near Middle Eastern cities Susa Kish Petra Damascus Thonis Heraklion Alexandria commerce links up with incense and spices along the Silk Road and makes for unifying networks of the ancient world. Archimedes of Syracuse through the library of Alexandria enables Mediterranean seafarers to bring together the North African coast with Levant Damascus and Anatolian Miletus to develop natural sciences at the dawn of European history.
Papyrus and lotus head columns of ancient Egyptian temples
Central American Maya use mercury making cinnabar to represent naturally enduring life processes around 1000 CE. To Galileo a swinging chandelier in Pisa cathedral moved by draughts of air is noticed to have equal periods of oscillation however high it rises meaning that energy change with the earth is what is really happening. For Newton the falling of apples is equal to the movements of planets around the sun as motions of all masses are identified primarily as energy changes of the whole universe. Heinrich Hertz’s discovery of the photoelectric effect together with Ludwig Boltzmann’s statistical mechanics provide an energy unification to enhance the 19th century electromagnetic synthesis.
Motions of all masses as energy changes
In 1900 Max Planck describes black body radiation in terms of quanta and in 1905 Einstein explains the photoelectric effect as light quanta absorbed. The atomic nucleus discerned by Rutherford’s gold foil experiment in 1911 and then the electron energy levels of Bohr make sense as pulses of light are recognised to be the fundamental processes of all matter interaction in the quantum reality exposition. Chien Shiung Wu in 1949 and John Clauser in 1974 experimentally demonstrate the correlation of quanta as a basic physical reality. At CERN Geneva the Atlas large hadron collider’s experiments reveal quantum correlation of quarks that may provide ways to comprehend the complex energies of the strong interaction between protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleus.
2024 Quarks quantum correlation reported in Nature